Clinical application of phase contrast mri technique in the evaluation csf flow dynamics SUMMARY Phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) recently used as a reliable method for evaluating both qualitative and quantitative CSF flow. Phase-contrast MRI has often been used for the evaluation of normal pressure hydrocephalus, communicating and non-communicating hydrocephalus, arachnoid cyst, Chiari I malformations and syringomyelia, response to endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP-shunt). This review introduces: the PC MRI technique, CSF physiology and cerebrospinal space anatomy, to describe a group of congenital and acquired disorders that can alter the CSF dynamics. Keywords: Phase contrast MRI, CSF flow, hydrocephalus, Chiari I malformation, syringomyelia

Clinical, subclinical, and Transrectal ultrasound in patients with hematospermia SUMMARY Purpose : Describe clinical features, subclinical and Transrectal ultrasound images in patients with hematospermia Material and Methods : This study included 85 male patients with hematospermia, had semen test and seminal microbiologic test, had Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) at Viet Duc Hospital since August 2018 until April 2019. Results: The age of patients ranged from 16 to 66 years (x= 36,6±11,8years), patients 40 years old or older than and younger 40 were 36,5% (31 cases) and 63,5% (54 cases), the duration of symptoms was 1 day to 10 years (x= 3,5 months). In most cases hematospermia is painless (75,3%), or painful ejaculations (24,7%), color of the ejaculate: brownish (40%) and red (51,8%). Abnormalities were revealed by TRUS in patients (92,9%). The percentages of pathological conditions located in the seminal vesicles, in the ejaculatory ducts and in the prostate were 71,7% (61 cases), 76,4% (65 cases), 57% (47 cases), respectively. No patients had malignant tumor. Seminal microbiologic test are usually negative (71,9%), positive Streptococus (22,8%) and Enterococcus (5,3%) Conclusion : Our conclusion is that TRUS is a safe, non-invasive technique which can be used to detect lesions of the prostate, seminal vesicles and the ejaculatory ducts in patients with hematospermia Key words : Hematospermia; Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)

Dual energy computed tomography: basic principles and applications SUMMARY Computed tomography is a modern medical imaging with rapid development and many technical advances. Dual energy CT (DECT) is adevelopment that offers great promise to increase the CT potential. Conventional CT utilizes a single X ray beam and contrast image is generated by the differences in photon attenuation of materials. In DECT, two energy levels are used to acquire images.The tube potentials are mostly set to 140 and 80 kVp to obtain the largest spectral difference. DECT differsmaterial composition by different photon energy levels. DECT is widely indicated and some indications are routineclinical use. Clinical applications include, for example, the assessment of contrast enhancement in focal organ lesions, pulmonary perfusion, angiography with bone removal and display of plaque distribution, kidney stone differentiation, and detection of tophi... This article introduces some basic principles and clinical applications of DECT. Keywords: Dual energy CT, spectral, contrast image, attenuation, materials

Ứng dụng chính của Cộng hưởng từ khuếch tán - DWI MR đã được dùng là hình ảnh não vì chủ yếu là độ nhạy tinh tế với đột quỵ thiếu máu-một bệnh lý thường gặp xuất hiện trong chẩn đoán phân biệt ở tất cả các bệnh nhân có triệu chứng thần kinh.

LI-RADS thường được áp dụng ở những bệnh nhân có yếu tố nguy cơ cao HCC gồm: Xơ gan hoặcViêm gan B mạn tính hoặc đã/đang bị HCC.

Tán sỏi mật trong gan qua da bằng laser Holmium là một phương pháp có tính an toàn cao, giúp giải quyết các trường hợp sỏi mật trong gan phức tạp và ít biến chứng hậu phẫu.

Renal tumors in the Phakomatosis disease, what to note: two case report SUMMARY Phakomatosis are a group of neurocutaneous disorders characterised by involvement of structures that arise from the embryonic ectoderm , consist of central nervous system, skin ,eyes and others: kidney, heart, lung… In this article we focus on the incidence of renal tumors in Tuberous sclerosis, one of the common diseases in Phakomatosis. Tuberous sclerosis is a rare neurocutaneous disorder (phakomatosis) characterized by the development of multiple benign tumours in various organs, including the kidneys. Tuberous sclerosis complex has several renal manifestations including angiomyolipomas (AML) and renal epithelial neoplasms. Angiomyolipomas is found in 40% of patients with tuberous sclerosis, and its most common complication is ruptures due to aneurysms. We present two cases was diagnosed with bilateral angiomyolipomas in tuberculosis and emphasizes the importance of the diagnosis and choice of appropriate treatment for each patient. Key words : Phakomatosis, renal tumor

Dual energy computed tomography: basic principles and applications SUMMARY Computed tomography is a modern medical imaging with rapid development and many technical advances. Dual energy CT (DECT) is adevelopment that offers great promise to increase the CT potential. Conventional CT utilizes a single X ray beam and contrast image is generated by the differences in photon attenuation of materials. In DECT, two energy levels are used to acquire images.The tube potentials are mostly set to 140 and 80 kVp to obtain the largest spectral difference. DECT differsmaterial composition by different photon energy levels. DECT is widely indicated and some indications are routineclinical use. Clinical applications include, for example, the assessment of contrast enhancement in focal organ lesions, pulmonary perfusion, angiography with bone removal and display of plaque distribution, kidney stone differentiation, and detection of tophi... This article introduces some basic principles and clinical applications of DECT. Keywords: Dual energy CT, spectral, contrast image, attenuation, materials