SUMMARY Objective: To describe CT scanner and MRI imaging characteristics of temporal bone of sensorineural hearing loss patients to select patients for cochlear implantation. Material and Methods: Description of inner ear and cochlear nerve imaging combined with hearing assessment to give cochlear implant indication in 132 sensorineural hearing loss patients. Cochlear nerve was evaluated on high resolution T2 3D gradient-echo MRI. Inner ear image was evaluated on high resolution MRI and CT scanner. Results: The study included 132 patients with 264 ears in which 161 ears (61%) with no inner ear malformations, 34 ears (12,9%) with normal cochlear and cochlear nerve deficiency, 65 ears (24,6%) with inner ear malformation and 4 ears (1,5%) with labyrinthine ossification. The patients with cochlear nerve aplasia and no V ABR wave on hearing assessment, the patients with severe cochlear malformation and severe cochlear ossification are not indicated for cochlear implantation. Conclusion: Indications for cochlear implantation depend on the condition of the inner ear and the presence of cochlear nerve on imaging or auditory response on hearing assessment. Key words: Inner ear malformation, cochlear nerve deficiency, cochlear implant indication.

SUMMARY Objective: T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) is a group of uncommon lymphomas, accounting for about 12% of all cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sites and metabolic activity of lesions in T-cell NHL on FDG PET/CT images, and to determine the correlation between metabolic activity and Ki67. Patients and methods: A retrospective study of patients with T-cell NHL who underwent FDG PET/CT examination for initial disease staging from 2009 to 2019. Results: A total of 62 patients (37 men and 25 women) with mean age of 44.8 were included in this study. There were 30/62 patients with histopathological subtypes, in which the highest frequency was peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type with 8 cases (26.7%) each. PET/CT images showed the frequency of lesions in the lymph node regions in descending order of neck (67.7%), axillary (41.9%), mediastinum (40.3%), abdomen (40.3), inguinal area (37.1%). There were 32 extranodal sites/organs involved in T-cell NHL, most commonly in the spleen (27.4%), nasal cavity (24.2%), bone marrow (22.6%), nasopharynx (21%) with a frequency greater than 20%. The mean SUVmax of lymph nodes in descending order was 9.9 (in the abdominal lymph nodes), 7.7 (in the cervical lymph nodes), 7.7 (in the axillary lymph nodes), 6.2 (in the mediastinal lymph nodes), 5.9 (in the inguinal lymph nodes). The majority (81%) of lesions in extranodal sites/organs had a mean SUVmax ≥5. Sites/organs with high frequency of lesions having the highest mean SUVmax were skeletal muscle (17.3), nasal cavity (12.3), skin/subcutaneous tissue (11.7), nasopharynx (10.2), lung (6.9), pleura (6.8), bone marrow (5.3), liver (5.0) and spleen (5.0). Analysis of the linear correlation between SUVmax of the lesion at the biopsy site and the percentage of Ki67 was performed in 24 patients, and the results showed no correlation (r=0.03). Conclusion: In patients with T-cell NHL, FDG PET/CT is useful for detecting lesions in many sites/organs in the body. The metabolic activity of the lesions was high, but there was no correlation between SUVmax and Ki67. Keywords: T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, FDG PET/CT, Ki67.

SUMMARY The study was performed on a PET/CT system provided by Philips Health Care System, radioactive drug 18FDG of the 108 Military Hospital. The procedure was based on recommendations of EANM (European Association of Nuclear Medicine) and protocol. PET/CT scan of the Ministry of Health. The technique was performed on 15 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary TB by microbiological results being treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs. Results: There are two patterns of 18FDG uptake in TB patients: the lung parenchyma and the lymphatic system. Before treatment: Metabolic change in the mean SUVmax index found in lung parenchymal lesions was 6.75±3.01. Mediastinal lymph nodes were found in 10/15 patients (66.7%), in which 8/10 lymph nodes increased FDG uptake with mean SUVmax of 3.14±1.5. Keywords: 18FDG PET/CT, pulmonary tuberculosis.

SUMMARY Background: Some patients with autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) are not suitable for surgery or radioiodine therapy. Therefore, minimally invasive alternative treatments, such as ethanol ablation or radiofrequency ablation (RFA), are necessary. Methods: This study included seven patients (7 toxic and 10 pretoxic patients; male to female ratio = 1:7.5; mean age, 46.47 ± 13 (range, 22–66) years) who were not eligible for surgery or radioiodine therapy. All of the patients showed hot nodules with suppression of normal thyroid gland in 99mTc pertechnetate scintigraphy. RFA was performed using a 18 Gauge internally cooled electrode. Nodule volume, thyroid function, scintigraphy, symptom score (visual analogue scale, 0–10cm), cosmetic grading score (4 point scale), and complications were evaluated before treatment and at 1, 3, 6 and 24 months follow-up. Results: Mean volume of the index nodule was 13.07 ± 8.44 (range, 2.2–35.5) mL. After RFA, The volume reduction at 1month, 3 months, 6 months follow up was 42.77 % , 63. % và 78.3 % . Initial mean T3, FT4, and TSH were 2.59 ± 1.19nmol/L, 16.3 ± 5.78pmol/L, and 0.101 ± 0.178 mU/mL, respectively. A significant improvement of mean T3, FT4, and TSH were observed after 1month (T3: 2.18 ± 0.753 nmol/L, p = 0.001; FT4: 14.78 ± 2.86 pmol/L, p = 0.001; TSH: 1.464 ± 0.844 mU/mL, p = 0.001), after 6 months (T3: 2.07 ± 0.614 nmol/L, p = 0.012; FT4: 15.12 ± 2.0 pmol/L, p = 0.001; TSH: 1.269 ± 0.398 mU/mL, p < 0.001), after 24 months ( T3: 2.05 ± 0.523 nmol/L, p = 0.016; FT4: 16.43 ± 1.39 pmol/L, p = 0.001; TSH: 1.69 ± 0.654 mU/mL, (p <0.001). After ablation, 17 patients became a cold nodule after 3 months. After 24 months, the mean symptom was reduced from 3.47 ± 1.9 to 0.06 ± 0.25 (p = 0.001) and cosmetic grading score was reduced from từ 3.59 ± 1.1 tới 1.19 ± 0.403 (p <0.001). No major complications were encountered. Conclusions: RFA was effective and safe for treating autonomously functioning benign thyroid nodules.

SUMMARY Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common GI conditions requiring acute hospitalisation and has a rising incidence. Moderate or severe pancreatitis has a high mortality. Evaluation of acute pancreatitis severity on CT plays an important role. DECT has been a modern technology with many promising applications, including diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. DECT has a good assessment of local complications such as necrosis; area of decreased enhancement; hemorrhage; vascular complications such as splenic vein thrombosis, portal vein thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm. DECT plays a prominent role in evaluating areas of pancreatic necrosis and areas of decreased enhancement. This article introduces some recent DECT systems, DECT technique in acute pancreatitis and the role of DECT in diagnosis acute pancreatitis Keywords: acute pancreatitis, dual energy CT, necrosis, vascular complication

SUMMARY Absence of the right pulmonary artery (RPA) is a rare congenital anomaly, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 200,000 young adults. The disease may be asymptomatic or may present with nonspecific symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, or chest pain. In children, there may be respiratory failure or high pulmonary hypertension. The disease can be associated with other congenital abnormalities such as ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot... We present 2 cases of RPA examined and treated at the National Lung Hospital for recurrent pneumonia. These two cases did not have a combination of congenital diseases, in which one case had pulmonary hypertension. Both patients received medical treatment and gave good results. Keyword: Isolated absence of right pulmonary artery, Unilateral absent pulmonary artery

SUMMARY Objective: To describe the results of ultrasound- guided needle aspiration in the treatment of lactational breast abscesses. Subjects and methods of study: this study was conducted in Bach Mai Hospital, from 6/2020 to 1/2021. Patients with lactating breast abscesses underwent ultrasound- guided aspiration followed by antibiotics therapy. Results: In 34 patients with 46 lactating breast abscesses, most of the abscesses had heterogeneous echogenic, no capsule and size smaller than 5cm. The smallest size of abscesses was 13x24x14mm (equivalent to volume of 2ml), the largest one occupied most of the mammary gland, equivalent to a volume of 540ml. Bacterial culture results showed that 84,8% of cases were methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. The average number of aspirations was 2. The average treatment length was 16 days. Success rate was 91,2% and in these cases, 4 patients (9,3%) had galactocele complication after treatment. 3 cases (8,8%) were converted to the traditional incision and drainage. Conclusion: Ultrasound- guided needle aspiration is an effective and minimally invasive treatment option for lactating breast abscess with a high rate of success and good cosmetic results. Keywords: lactating breast abscess, ultrasound- guided needle aspiration.