SUMMARY Background: Some patients with autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) are not suitable for surgery or radioiodine therapy. Therefore, minimally invasive alternative treatments, such as ethanol ablation or radiofrequency ablation (RFA), are necessary. Methods: This study included seven patients (7 toxic and 10 pretoxic patients; male to female ratio = 1:7.5; mean age, 46.47 ± 13 (range, 22–66) years) who were not eligible for surgery or radioiodine therapy. All of the patients showed hot nodules with suppression of normal thyroid gland in 99mTc pertechnetate scintigraphy. RFA was performed using a 18 Gauge internally cooled electrode. Nodule volume, thyroid function, scintigraphy, symptom score (visual analogue scale, 0–10cm), cosmetic grading score (4 point scale), and complications were evaluated before treatment and at 1, 3, 6 and 24 months follow-up. Results: Mean volume of the index nodule was 13.07 ± 8.44 (range, 2.2–35.5) mL. After RFA, The volume reduction at 1month, 3 months, 6 months follow up was 42.77 % , 63. % và 78.3 % . Initial mean T3, FT4, and TSH were 2.59 ± 1.19nmol/L, 16.3 ± 5.78pmol/L, and 0.101 ± 0.178 mU/mL, respectively. A significant improvement of mean T3, FT4, and TSH were observed after 1month (T3: 2.18 ± 0.753 nmol/L, p = 0.001; FT4: 14.78 ± 2.86 pmol/L, p = 0.001; TSH: 1.464 ± 0.844 mU/mL, p = 0.001), after 6 months (T3: 2.07 ± 0.614 nmol/L, p = 0.012; FT4: 15.12 ± 2.0 pmol/L, p = 0.001; TSH: 1.269 ± 0.398 mU/mL, p < 0.001), after 24 months ( T3: 2.05 ± 0.523 nmol/L, p = 0.016; FT4: 16.43 ± 1.39 pmol/L, p = 0.001; TSH: 1.69 ± 0.654 mU/mL, (p <0.001). After ablation, 17 patients became a cold nodule after 3 months. After 24 months, the mean symptom was reduced from 3.47 ± 1.9 to 0.06 ± 0.25 (p = 0.001) and cosmetic grading score was reduced from từ 3.59 ± 1.1 tới 1.19 ± 0.403 (p <0.001). No major complications were encountered. Conclusions: RFA was effective and safe for treating autonomously functioning benign thyroid nodules.

SUMMARY Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common GI conditions requiring acute hospitalisation and has a rising incidence. Moderate or severe pancreatitis has a high mortality. Evaluation of acute pancreatitis severity on CT plays an important role. DECT has been a modern technology with many promising applications, including diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. DECT has a good assessment of local complications such as necrosis; area of decreased enhancement; hemorrhage; vascular complications such as splenic vein thrombosis, portal vein thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm. DECT plays a prominent role in evaluating areas of pancreatic necrosis and areas of decreased enhancement. This article introduces some recent DECT systems, DECT technique in acute pancreatitis and the role of DECT in diagnosis acute pancreatitis Keywords: acute pancreatitis, dual energy CT, necrosis, vascular complication

SUMMARY Absence of the right pulmonary artery (RPA) is a rare congenital anomaly, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 200,000 young adults. The disease may be asymptomatic or may present with nonspecific symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, or chest pain. In children, there may be respiratory failure or high pulmonary hypertension. The disease can be associated with other congenital abnormalities such as ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot... We present 2 cases of RPA examined and treated at the National Lung Hospital for recurrent pneumonia. These two cases did not have a combination of congenital diseases, in which one case had pulmonary hypertension. Both patients received medical treatment and gave good results. Keyword: Isolated absence of right pulmonary artery, Unilateral absent pulmonary artery

SUMMARY Objective: To describe the results of ultrasound- guided needle aspiration in the treatment of lactational breast abscesses. Subjects and methods of study: this study was conducted in Bach Mai Hospital, from 6/2020 to 1/2021. Patients with lactating breast abscesses underwent ultrasound- guided aspiration followed by antibiotics therapy. Results: In 34 patients with 46 lactating breast abscesses, most of the abscesses had heterogeneous echogenic, no capsule and size smaller than 5cm. The smallest size of abscesses was 13x24x14mm (equivalent to volume of 2ml), the largest one occupied most of the mammary gland, equivalent to a volume of 540ml. Bacterial culture results showed that 84,8% of cases were methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. The average number of aspirations was 2. The average treatment length was 16 days. Success rate was 91,2% and in these cases, 4 patients (9,3%) had galactocele complication after treatment. 3 cases (8,8%) were converted to the traditional incision and drainage. Conclusion: Ultrasound- guided needle aspiration is an effective and minimally invasive treatment option for lactating breast abscess with a high rate of success and good cosmetic results. Keywords: lactating breast abscess, ultrasound- guided needle aspiration.

SUMMARY Objective: Correlation between preoperative computed tomography, endoscopy with postoperative histopathology in the staging of laryngeal cancer. Methods: Cross- sectional study of patients with cancer larynx who were taken a preoperative neck CT scan. Classify T stage by blinded reading of CT combined with laryngoscopy, compared with surgical results, histopathological T-stage. Analyzing the sensitivity and specificity of CT, endoscopy to staging T. Results: There were 105 patients including 96 male patients and 9 female patients. Patients were aged from 38 to 87 (mean, 61 years). 16 (15%) patients had hypopharyngeal tumor, where's 89 (85%) had pharyngeal tumor.Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of CT in staging T were 68%, 93%, 70%, 92% , 88% Conclusion: MSCT could serve as a powerful auxiliary method for staging T laryngeal cancer, special in the evaluation of T3 and T4 tumors. Combinate information from MSCT and laryngoscopy makes improve sensitivity, specificity of preoperative staging T Keywords: Laryngeal cancer, multislice computed tomography, laryngoscopy, T-stage.

SUMMARY Aims: To describe the morphology of normal appendix on abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients ≥ 18 years who underwent abdominal CECT for various indications from 04/2019 to 07/2020. Exclusion criteria include previous history of appendiceal diseases, appendicectomy, clinical manifestations suspected appendicitis, and other gastrointestinal-related comorbidities. All appendiceal morphology (length, diameter, wall thickness, intraluminal contents, location of base and tip) were documented. Results: 186 patients (54.8% male) with the mean age of 51.6 ± 13.4 years were enrolled in the analysis. The mean maximal diameter, mean length and mean wall thickness of the appendices were 6.7 ± 1.3 (range, 3.6 – 11.7 mm), 82.1 ± 24.8 (range, 20.5 – 138.2 mm) and 2.1 ± 0.4, respectively. The mean diameter measured on axial view was significantly lower than that of on coronal view (p <0.05). Appendicoliths were identified in 5.9% of cases. The most common locations of the appendiceal tip were subcecal and retrocecal (22.6% each). Conclusion: A new threshold should be proposed, clinical manifestations and multi morphological factors correlation are strongly recommended when diagnosing appendicitis on CECT. Normal appendices can contain air, fluid and appendicolith with an incidence that varies among individuals. Keywords: normal appendix, computed tomography, appendix location.

SUMMARY Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the value of CT in preoperative staging of tongue cancer according to AJCC 8th Methods: Cross-sectional study. We did indicate CT for 66 patients with tongue cancer at Ung Buou Hospital from 5/2019 to 5/2020. Preoperative stages on CT and histopathological stages were compared. Results: DOIs on CT were larger than the pathological DOI ( p<0.001). DOIs on CECT correlated well with pathological DOI (r=0.79, p<0.001). The correlation between CT and pathology in T staging was 0,63. In the evaluation of metastatic nodes, the sensitivity of CT was 80,9%, the specificity was 91,1%. The correlation between CT and pathology in N staging was 0,58. In the evaluation of ENE, the sensitivity of CT was 75%, the specificity was 81,8%. Conclusions: CT can determine the DOI value accurately. The correlation between CT and pathology is good in T staging and moderate in N staging. Keywords: tongue cancer, CT, AJCC 8th staging, DOI.

SUMMARY Objective: To determine the proportion of bone metastasis and whole-body scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP in neuroblastoma (NB) in children. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective descriptive combined prospective study was conducted on 86 patients under 15 years old, diagnosed with NB according to the standards of Pediatric Oncologists Conference in 1988 and had whole-body scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP at Vietnam National Children's Hospitalfrom January 2018 to March 2020. Results: The proportion of detection metastasis was 33.7%. There are 55.2% patients with bone metastases without clinical manifestations (without bone pain). 100% cases of bone metastases on whole-body scintigraphy have images of increased radioactivity. Most of the patients were about 2 - 4 years old 58.6%, lower limb position 62.1%, multifocal lesions 72.4%, of which 58.6% patients had over 5 lesions. Conclusions: Whole-body scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP is a valuable technique for detecting bone metastases on NB in the early stage when absence of clinical manifestations of bone metastases. Keywords: Neuroblastoma, whole-body scintigraphy, 99mTc-MDP.